Motivational processes are complex and multifaceted, with both directional and activational
aspects. Behavioral activation and exertion of effort are functions that enable organisms to …

Motivation has been defined as the process that allows organisms to regulate their internal
and external environment, and control the probability, proximity and availability of stimuli. As …

A markedly reduced interest or pleasure in activities previously considered pleasurable is a
main symptom in mood disorder and psychosis and is often present in other psychiatric …

One of the most debilitating aspects of schizophrenia is an apparent interest in or ability to
exert effort for rewards. Such “negative symptoms” may prevent individuals from obtaining …

It has been known for some time that nucleus accumbens dopamine (DA) is involved in
aspects of motivation, but theoretical approaches to understanding the functions of DA have …

Highlights•Discrete processes underlying anhedonia can be computationally
operationalized.•Approaches include models of reinforcement learning and effort-based …

Operant behavior is not only regulated by factors related to the quality or quantity of
reinforcement, but also by the work requirements inherent in performing instrumental …

Cannabinoid derivatives have shown promising results for treating neuropsychiatric
disorders, including drug addiction. Recent studies on the therapeutic effects of Cannabidiol …

Motivational deficits play a central role in disability caused by schizophrenia and constitute a
major unmet therapeutic need. Negative symptoms have previously been linked to …

Major depressive disorder is one of the most common and debilitating psychiatric disorders.
Some of the motivational symptoms of depression, such anergia (lack of self-reported …