Many of the motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) can be preceded, sometimes for
several years, by non-motor symptoms that include hyposmia, sleep disorders, depression …

Abstract Purpose of Review The sense of smell is today one of the focuses of interest in
aging and neurodegenerative disease research. In several neurodegenerative diseases …

Sporadic or idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative
disorder of unknown origin that ranks only second behind Alzheimer's disease (AD) in …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative chronic disease, most likely caused
by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Information on various aspects …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the common progressive neurodegenerative disorders
with several motor and non-motor symptoms. Most of the motor symptoms may appear at a …

Neurons in the mature human central nervous system (CNS) perform a wide range of motor,
sensory, regulatory, behavioral, and cognitive functions. Such diverse functional output …

Object Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the surgical procedure of choice for patients with
advanced Parkinson disease (PD). The globus pallidus internus (GPi) and the subthalamic …

Olfactory receptors (ORs) and down-stream functional signaling molecules adenylyl cyclase
3 (AC3), olfactory G protein α subunit (Gαolf), OR transporters receptor transporter proteins 1 …

Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal α-
synuclein in selected regions of the brain following a gradient of severity with disease …

Parkinson disease (PD) is no longer considered a complex motor disorder but rather a
systemic disease with variable nonmotor deficits that may include impaired olfaction …