The human oral microbiota is highly diverse and has a complex ecology, comprising
bacteria, microeukaryotes, archaea and viruses. These communities have elaborate and …

Periodontitis, a major inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, is epidemiologically
associated with other chronic inflammation-driven disorders, including cardio-metabolic …

The precise mechanism by which oral infection contributes to the pathogenesis of extra-oral
diseases remains unclear. Here, we report that periodontal inflammation exacerbates gut …

Aberrant CD4+ T cell reactivity against intestinal microorganisms is considered to drive
mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases. The disease-relevant microbial …

The study of the intestinal microbiota has begun to shift from cataloging individual members
of the commensal community to understanding their contributions to the physiology of the …

Immune cell trafficking is a critical element of the intestinal immune response, both in
homeostasis and in pathological conditions associated with inflammatory bowel disease …

CD8+ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a
complex multifactorial chronic disease. Here, we present an overview of the current research …

Host–microbiota mutualism has been established during long‐term co‐evolution. A diverse
and rich gut microbiota plays an essential role in the development and maturation of the host …

Mammals co-exist with resident microbial ecosystem that is composed of an incredible
number and diversity of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Owing to direct contact between resident …

Reciprocal interactions between host T helper cells and gut microbiota enforce local
immunological tolerance and modulate extra-intestinal immunity. However, our …