Immune tolerance deletes or suppresses autoreactive lymphocytes and is established at
multiple levels during the development, activation and effector phases of T and B cells …

Base excision repair (BER) corrects DNA damage from oxidation, deamination and
alkylation. Such base lesions cause little distortion to the DNA helix structure. BER is …

Infants and young children are more susceptible to common respiratory pathogens than
adults but can fare better against novel pathogens like severe acute respiratory syndrome …

The APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like) family of proteins
have diverse and important functions in human health and disease. These proteins have an …

Teleost fish possess an adaptive immune system associated with each of their mucosal
body surfaces. Evidence obtained from mucosal vaccination and mucosal infection studies …

Thousands of somatic mutations accrue in most human cancers, and their causes are
largely unknown. We recently showed that the DNA cytidine deaminase APOBEC3B …

Epigenetics is a quickly growing field encompassing mechanisms regulating gene
expression that do not involve changes in the genotype. Epigenetics is of increasing …

In order to promote an efficient humoral immune response, germinal center B cells modify
both the antigen recognition and effector domains by programmed genetic alterations of …

Induced overexpression of AID in CH12F3-2 B lymphoma cells augmented class switching
from IgM to IgA without cytokine stimulation. AID deficiency caused a complete defect in …

Osteoporosis is a major cause of fractures and associated morbidity in the aged population.
The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is multifactorial; whereas traditional pathophysiological …