As high-precision measuring instruments have developed, interferometers have been widely
applied in the measurement of lengths and of the shape of surfaces, with nanometer …

This study describes the properties of electroactive polypyrrole and its applications, with a
focus on the roughness of the material. This parameter is crucial as it influences the …

Topographical features of biomaterials' surfaces are determinant when addressing their
application site. Unfortunately up to date there has not been an agreement regarding which …

Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare the profilometry and atomic force microscopy
(AFM) for characterization of biomaterial surfaces. Method: The clinically commonly used …

In this study, we present lateral scanning white light interferometry (LS-WLI), where phase-
shifting algorithms are applied to inspect the topography of a large field of view (FOV) with …

With the fast development in the fields of photovoltaics and integrated circuits, the
measurement of surface topographies and micro-scaled defects has attracted intensive …

Quartz tuning forks are extremely good resonators and their use is growing in scanning
probe microscopy. Nevertheless, only a few studies on soft biological samples have been …

The scanning probe microscopy method is based on the probe response to the tip–surface
interaction with nanometer resolution. From the accuracy point of view, the disadvantage of …

With its unique structure, the Akiyama probe is a type of tuning fork atomic force microscope
probe. The long, soft cantilever makes it possible to measure soft samples in tapping mode …

We study the oscillatory behavior of qPlus sensors with a long tilted tip by means of finite
element simulations. The vibration modes of a qPlus sensor with a long tip are quite different …