The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) represents the zonally integrated
stream function of meridional volume transport in the Atlantic Basin. The AMOC plays an …

Representation, representativity, representativeness error, forward interpolation error,
forward model error, observation‐operator error, aggregation error and sampling error are …

Mesoscale ocean eddies, an important element of the climate system, impact ocean
circulation, heat uptake, gas exchange, carbon sequestration and nutrient transport. Much of …

We present a new framework for global ocean–sea-ice model simulations based on phase 2
of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP-2), making use of the surface dataset …

A new global ocean model (MPAS-Ocean) capable of using enhanced resolution in selected
regions of the ocean domain is described and evaluated. Three simulations using different …

Abstract The Alfred Wegener Institute Climate Model (AWI‐CM) participates for the first time
in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), CMIP6. The sea ice‐ocean …

Unstructured-grid models grounded on semi-implicit, finite-volume, Eulerian–Lagrangian
algorithms, such as UnTRIM and ELCIRC, have enjoyed considerable success recently in …

Simulation characteristics from eighteen global ocean–sea-ice coupled models are
presented with a focus on the mean Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and …

This paper presents global comparisons of fundamental global climate variables from a suite
of four pairs of matched low-and high-resolution ocean and sea-ice simulations that are …

Data assimilation algorithms combine a numerical model with observations in a quantitative
way. For an optimal combination either variational minimization algorithms or ensemble …