Recombinant virus-like particle-based vaccines are composed of viral structural proteins
and mimic authentic native viruses but are devoid of viral genetic materials. They are the …

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is one of the main causes of acute hepatitis worldwide. A
recombinant hepatitis E vaccine, HEV 239, has been licensed in China for immunizing …

Multiple safe and effective vaccines that elicit immune responses against severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are necessary to respond to the ongoing …

The cGAS-STING pathway and the Mevalonate Pathway are druggable targets for vaccine
adjuvant discovery. Manganese (Mn) and bisphosphonates are known to exert adjuvant …

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection causes sporadic outbreaks of acute hepatitis worldwide.
HEV was previously considered to be restricted to resource-limited countries with poor …

Aluminum salt (AS), one of the most commonly used vaccine adjuvants, has immuno-
modulatory activity, but how the administration of AS alone may impact the activation of the …

Infection caused by respiratory viruses can lead to a severe respiratory disease and even
death. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the disease, but it cannot be quickly …

Thimerosal has been widely used as a preservative in human vaccines for decades.
Thimerosal, a thiol capping agent with ethyl mercury being the active degradant, could have …

Hepatitis E has been increasingly recognized as an underestimated global disease burden
in recent years. Subpopulations with more serious infection-associated damage or death …

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 is the most common type implicated as the etiological
agent that causes cervical cancer. The marketed prophylactic vaccines against HPV …