Abstract Artificial Water Channels (AWCs) have been developed during the last decade with
the hope to construct artificial analogues of Aquaporin (AQP) proteins. Their osmotic water …

In nature, there exist a variety of transport proteins on cell membranes capable of actively
moving cargos across biological membranes, which plays a vital role in the living activities of …

Photocatalytic degradation is one of the most promising methods for addressing
environmental issues without introducing pollution sources. Nonetheless, the majority of …

Carbon nanotube (CNT) has gained considerable attention in improving the performance of
thin-film composite (TFC) membranes due to their remarkable mechanical, thermal and …

Nanopores in ultrathin or atomically thin membranes attract broad interest because the
infinitesimal pore depth allows selective transport of ions and molecules with ultimate …

Cell membrane composed of lipid bilayer is a selectively permeable membrane that only
allows specific molecules to pass through. While such selectivity is essential for the survival …

Biological electrogenic systems use protein‐based ionic pumps to move salt ions uphill
across a cell membrane to accumulate an ion concentration gradient from the equilibrium …

Recently developed DNA-based analogues of membrane proteins have advanced synthetic
biology. A fundamental question is how hydrophilic nanostructures reside in the …

Artificial channels made of carbon nanotube (CNT) porins are promising candidates for
applications in filtration and molecular delivery devices. Their symmetric shape and high …

Osmosis are essential for not only the application of nanofluidic devices but also the
understanding of working principles of biological transmembrane proteins. Despite …