Introduction We present international consensus recommendations for improving diagnosis,
management and treatment access in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our vision is that these will be …

Background A role for Epstein Barr virus (EBV) in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been
postulated. Previous systematic reviews found higher prevalences of anti-EBV antibodies in …

Objectives Previous studies have demonstrated a strong latitudinal gradient in multiple
sclerosis (MS) prevalence. Herein, we present a meta-analysis of the latitudinal gradient of …

Background Age at onset (AAO) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is an important marker of disease
severity and may have prognostic significance. Understanding what factors can influence …

The contribution of vitamin D insufficiency to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is
reviewed. Among the multiple recently discovered actions of vitamin D, an …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system where
evidence implicates an aberrant adaptive immune response in the accrual of neurological …

Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an important human pathogen; it infects> 90%
people globally and is linked to infectious mononucleosis and several types of cancer …

Background and Objectives The severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) varies widely among
individuals. Understanding the determinants of this heterogeneity will help clinicians …

Multiple sclerosis is associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, B‐cell dysfunction,
gut dysbiosis, and environmental and genetic risk factors, including female sex. A disease …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease in which both genetic and environmental
factors and their interactions underlie causation. The current evidence base supports a …