Mycorrhizas are among the most important biological interkingdom interactions, as they
involve~ 340,000 land plants and~ 50,000 taxa of soil fungi. In these mutually beneficial …

The aboveground parts of terrestrial plants are colonized by a variety of microbes that
collectively constitute the phyllosphere microbiota. Decades of pioneering work using …

The plant immune system is fundamental for plant survival in natural ecosystems and for
productivity in crop fields. Substantial evidence supports the prevailing notion that plants …

Plant immune responses are mainly activated by two types of receptor. Pattern recognition
receptors localized on the plasma membrane perceive extracellular microbial features, and …

Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops.
Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion …

Pseudomonas syringae is one of the most common plant pathogens that infect the
phyllosphere. P. syringae can live on the plant surface as an epiphyte. To cause disease, it …

Plants constantly monitor and cope with the fluctuating environment while hosting a diversity
of plant‐inhabiting microbes. The mode and outcome of plant–microbe interactions …

Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice, employs
the transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) to induce the expression of the OsSWEET …

Phytopathogens like Pseudomonas syringae induce" water soaking" in the apoplastic space
of plant leaf tissue as a key virulence mechanism. Water soaking is commonly observed in …