Confidence judgments are typically less informative about one's accuracy than they could
be; a phenomenon we call metacognitive inefficiency. We review the existence of different …

Recent advancements in Bayesian modeling have allowed for likelihood-free posterior
estimation. Such estimation techniques are crucial to the understanding of simulation-based …

Human perceptual decisions are often described as optimal. Critics of this view have argued
that claims of optimality are overly flexible and lack explanatory power. Meanwhile …

How should we measure metacognitive (“type 2”) sensitivity, ie the efficacy with which
observers' confidence ratings discriminate between their own correct and incorrect stimulus …

Detection Theory: A User's Guide is an introduction to one of the most important tools for the
analysis of data where choices must be made and performance is not perfect. In these …

Understanding how people rate their confidence is critical for the characterization of a wide
range of perceptual, memory, motor and cognitive processes. To enable the continued …

People live in a continuous environment in which the visual scene changes on a slow
timescale. It has been shown that to exploit such environmental stability, the brain creates a …

Humans have the metacognitive ability to judge the accuracy of their own decisions via
confidence ratings. A substantial body of research has demonstrated that human …

Previously we have proposed a signal detection theory (SDT) methodology for measuring
metacognitive sensitivity (Maniscalco and Lau, Conscious Cogn 21: 422–430, 2012). Our …

A new model for confidence judgments in recognition memory is presented. In the model,
the match between a single test item and memory produces a distribution of evidence, with …