Do judges make decisions that are truly impartial? A wide range of experimental and field
studies reveal that several extralegal factors influence judicial decision making …

This article evaluates the substantive consequences of judicial diversity on the US Courts of
Appeals. Due to the small percentage of racial minorities on the federal bench, the key …

The extent to which judicial outcomes depend on judges' identities is a central question in
multiethnic societies. Past work on the impact of the racial composition of appellate courts …

For decades, researchers have studied the relationship between the political leanings of
judges and the outcomes of appellate litigation in the United States. The primary source of …

This paper develops a consensus voting model for estimating preferences of federal circuit
court judges. Unlike standard ideal point models, which assume that judges vote sincerely …

This paper examines the impact of the establishment of circuit courts on corporate fraud.
Using a quasi-natural experiment in China and the difference-in-differences approach, we …

To enhance government accountability, reformers have advocated strengthening institutions
of “horizontal accountability,” particularly auditing institutions that can punish lawbreaking …

This paper uses data from the Gothenburg District Court in Sweden and a research design
that exploits the random assignment of politically appointed jurors (termed nämndemän) to …

We use an original dataset of death penalty decisions on the Courts of Appeals to evaluate
how the institutions of multimember appellate courts, dissent, and discretionary higher-court …

We construct a database of federal appellate cases involving religious liberties decided
between 2006 and 2015, expanding and improving an existing database covering up to …