Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of
the gastrointestinal tract that arises due to complex interactions between host genetic risk …

Fermentation processes have been used for centuries for food production and preservation.
Besides the contribution of fermentation to food quality, recently, scientific interest in the …

Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV)(PLWH) continue to experience chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, which …

Cholestasis is a condition characterized by the abnormal production or excretion of bile, and
it can be induced by a variety of causes, the factors of which are extremely complex …

Host-microbiota interactions are bidirectional. On one hand, ecological pressures exerted by
the host shape the composition and function of the microbiota. On the other, resident …

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor for bile acids (BAs) that is widely
expressed in the intestine, liver and kidney. FXR has important regulatory impacts on a wide …

Aging is usually characterized with inflammation and disordered bile acids (BAs)
homeostasis, as well as gut dysbiosis. The pathophysiological changes during aging are …

Background The gut microbiome may play a role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric
diseases including major depressive disorder (MDD). Bile acids (BAs) are steroid acids that …

Emerging evidence have shown the importance of gut microbiota in regulating brain
functions. The diverse molecular mechanisms involved in cross-talk between gut and brain …

The functions of the gut are closely related to those of many other organs in the human body.
Indeed, the gut microbiota (GM) metabolize several nutrients and compounds that, once …