Wnt/β-catenin signaling is implicated in many physiological processes, including
development, tissue homeostasis, and tissue regeneration. In human cancers, Wnt/β-catenin …

The protonation state of soluble and membrane-associated macromolecules dictates their
charge, conformation, and functional activity. In addition, protons (H+ or their equivalents) …

In neurons, the loading of neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles uses energy from proton-
pumping vesicular-or vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatases (V-ATPases). These …

Development of nanotechnology calls for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of
nanomaterials on biological systems. Autophagy is a lysosome-based degradative pathway …

The permeability transition in human mitochondria refers to the opening of a nonspecific
channel, known as the permeability transition pore (PTP), in the inner membrane. Opening …

V-ATPases are membrane-embedded protein complexes that function as ATP hydrolysis-
driven proton pumps. V-ATPases are the primary source of organellar acidification in all …

This book provides a modern, synthetic overview of interactions between insects and their
environments from a physiological perspective that integrates information across a range of …

Abstract Eukaryotic vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are rotary enzymes that use energy
from hydrolysis of ATP to ADP to pump protons across membranes and control the pH of …

▪ Abstract The conversion of exogenous and endogenous proteins into immunogenic
peptides recognized by T lymphocytes involves a series of proteolytic and other enzymatic …

In response to a variety of stimuli, dendritic cells (DCs) transform from immature cells
specialized for antigen capture into mature cells specialized for T cell stimulation. During …