Since the discovery of eukaryotic small RNAs as the main effectors of RNA interference in
the late 1990s, diverse types of endogenous small RNAs have been characterized, most …

Argonaute (AGO) proteins associate with small RNAs to direct their effector function on
complementary transcripts. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contains an expanded …

RNA interference pathways can involve amplification of secondary siRNAs by RNA-
dependent RNA polymerases. In plants, RDR6-dependent secondary siRNAs arise from …

Small non-coding RNAs, through association with Argonaute protein family members, have
a variety of functions during the development of an organism. Although there is increased …

Examples of transgenerational inheritance of environmental responses are rapidly
accumulating. In Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, such heritable information transmits …

Canonical RNAi, one of the so-called RNA-silencing mechanisms, is defined as sequence-
specific RNA degradation induced by long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNAi occurs in …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are major drivers of cell fate specification and differentiation. The post-
transcriptional regulation of key molecular factors by microRNAs contributes to the …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) coordinates mRNA translation and processing of secreted
and endomembrane proteins. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) prevents the …

In addition to several hundred microRNAs, C. elegans produces thousands of other small
RNAs targeting coding genes, pseudogenes, transposons, and other noncoding RNAs …

Small RNAs that function in a non-cell autonomous manner are becoming increasingly
recognized as regulatory molecules with the potential to transmit information between cells …