Mountain regions are unusually biodiverse, with rich aggregations of small-ranged species
that form centers of endemism. Mountains play an array of roles for Earth's biodiversity and …

Mountains are key features of the Earth's surface and host a substantial proportion of the
world's species. However, the links between the evolution and distribution of biodiversity …

Motivation More than half of Earth's species are contained in a mere 1.4% of its land area,
but the climates of many of these biodiversity hotspots are projected to disappear as a …

The oceans appear ideal for biodiversity—they have unlimited water, a large area, are well
connected, have less extreme temperatures than on land, and contain more phyla and …

The deep sea (> 200 m depth) encompasses> 95% of the world's ocean volume and
represents the largest and least explored biome on Earth (< 0.0001% of ocean surface), yet …

We address a generalization of the concept of metapopulation capacity for trees and
networks acting as the template for ecological interactions. The original measure had been …

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most widely studied patterns in ecology,
yet no consensus has been reached about its underlying causes. We argue that the reasons …

The long-term diversification of the biosphere responds to changes in the physical
environment. Yet, over the continents, the nearly monotonic expansion of life started later in …

Testing hypotheses on drivers of clade evolution and trait diversification provides insight into
many aspects of evolutionary biology. Often, studies investigate only intrinsic biological …

Deciphering global trends in phylogenetic endemism is crucial for understanding broad-
scale evolutionary patterns and the conservation of key elements of biodiversity. However …