Climate variability, particularly that of the annual air temperature and rainfall, has received a
great deal of attention worldwide. The magnitude of the variability or fluctuations of the …

Vegetation changes and factors have a profound influence on the local ecology, the
economy, and the long-term durability of human construction. This study focuses on the …

Groundwater is a vital resource supporting various sectors such as agriculture, industry, and
drinking water supplies. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its follow …

Historically, Hungary has witnessed numerous waves of drought episodes, causing
significant agro-economic loss. Over the recent decades, the intensity, severity and …

Groundwater (GW) use has intensified in recent decades, threatening the ecological integrity
of groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs). The study of GDEs is limited; therefore …

Drought is a complex and devastating natural disaster that needs to be constantly
investigated. In this study, standardized precipitation indexes (SPI-3 and SPI-6) were …

Groundwater is the main source of drinking and irrigation water available in the majority of
the Ghaghara River basin (GRB), which is a trans-boundary river basin and characterized by …

Satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is frequently obstructed by
adverse atmospheric components resulting in data gaps in time series. The harmonic …

Inner Mongolia is an important ecological zone of northern China and 67% of its land area is
grassland. This ecologically fragile region has experienced significant vegetation …

The temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) is widely used for the monitoring of global
or regional drought because of its strong drought-monitoring capabilities and ease of …