Genetic studies of hereditary forms of nephrotic syndrome have identified several proteins
that are involved in regulating the permselective properties of the glomerular filtration …

Although many children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) respond initially to steroid
therapy, repeated courses for patients with relapses often cause significant steroid toxicity …

Nephrotic syndrome affects about 2–7 per 100,000 children yearly and accounts for less
than 15% of end stage kidney disease. Steroids still represent the cornerstone of therapy …

Background: Minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
(FSGS) remain a therapeutic challenge, since steroids and other immunosuppressive …

Background: A beneficial effect of rituximab (RTX) on focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
(FSGS) in pediatric patients or in transplant recipients has been reported in isolated cases …

OBJECTIVE: Cyclosporine A (CsA), known as an effective immunosuppressive agent, is
widely used in clinical fields. Mesenchymal stem cells may exert immunomodulatory effects …

Background Cyclosporine has improved remission rates in children with steroid-resistant
nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). However, little prospective long-term follow-up data is …

Podocyte injury and loss contribute to proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and eventually kidney
failure. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress inducible transcription factor that is …

Background: The efficacy and safety of tacrolimus (TAC) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) were
prospectively examined in steroid-dependent or steroid-resistant primary focal segmental …

Minimal change disease (MCD) is the most common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
in children, and it is well known for its multifactorial causes which are the manifestation of the …