This paper addresses the following questions: Are women entrepreneurs empowered by
entrepreneurship, and critically, does entrepreneurship offer emancipation? Our theoretical …

Economic reform programs designed by the International Monetary Fund and the World
Bank—so-called 'structural adjustment programs'—have formed one of the most influential …

Countries that are rich in petroleum have less democracy, less economic stability, and more
frequent civil wars than countries without oil. What explains this oil curse? And can it be …

Results The global economy increased from an income of $14 trillion in 1988 to $26 trillion
in 2011 (2005 PPP). The total income of the bottom 10 percent increased from $81 bn to …

Turkey has one of the widest male–female employment gaps in the world. The post-1950
interplay between economic growth strategies and the male-breadwinner family led to …

The social contract is the deal between the state and its citizens by which the latter agree the
rule of the former in return for deliverables Over time, the state's deliverables have evolved …

Gender is commonly identified as a key explanatory factor for travel behaviour. Since
women's role in societal structure has changed in the past few decades, the question arises …

We explore the role of paid work in women's empowerment in Turkey by analyzing the
variation in employment status and occupational position of Turkish women according to …

The convergence of health, economic and social crises over the past 1.5 years has posed
profound questions over the direction of travel for the world after COVID‐19. The narrative …

Female labour force participation has remained low in Egypt. This paper examines whether
male international migration provides a leeway for women to enter the labour market and/or …