Schistosomes are long lived, intravascular parasitic platyhelminths that infect> 200 million
people globally. The molecular mechanisms used by these blood flukes to dampen host …

Over a half century, organ transplantation has become an effective method for the treatment
of end-stage visceral diseases. Although the application of immunosuppressants (IS) …

Co-infection among leishmaniasis and other infectious diseases is common among natural
populations especially in the endemic areas of the disease. It depends on the environmental …

Human schistosomiasis is caused by helminths of the genus Schistosoma. Macrophages
play a crucial role in the immune regulation of this disease. These cells acquire different …

Dendritic cells (DCs) induce and regulate adaptive immunity through migrating and maturing
in the kidney. In this procedure, they can adopt different phenotypes—rejection-associated …

The hygiene hypothesis states that improved hygiene and the resulting disappearance of
once endemic diseases is at the origin of the enormous increase in immune related …

A remarkable characteristic of infectious diseases classified as Neglected Tropical Diseases
(NTDs) is the fact that they are mostly transmitted in tropical and subtropical regions with …

As part of the parasite's excretory/secretory system, extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a
potent communication tool of schistosomes with their human host to strike the balance …

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by dysregulated immunity against self-antigens.
Current treatment of autoimmune diseases largely relies on suppressing host immunity to …

The parasites and eggs of helminths, including schistosomes, are associated with factors
that can modulate the nature and outcomes of host immune responses, particularly …