When in children's lives do gaps by family socioeconomic status (SES) in cognitive skills
emerge, how large are they before children enter school, and how do they develop over …

In low‐stakes assessments, test performance has few or no consequences for examinees
themselves, so that examinees may not be fully engaged when answering the items. Instead …

Abstract 1 Mathematical literacy is regarded as an important prerequisite to mastering
problems of everyday life. In the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) …

In diesem Kapitel wird ein Überblick über die aktuelle Situation von Zuwanderern und deren
Nachkommen im deutschen Bildungssystem gegeben. Anhand der Daten des Nationalen …

Data from competence tests usually show a number of missing responses on test items due
to both omitted and not-reached items. Different approaches for dealing with missing …

Educational transitions play a pivotal role in shaping educational careers, and ultimately
social inequality. Whereas parental socioeconomic status (SES) and cognitive ability have …

Does schooling affect socioeconomic inequality in educational achievement? Earlier studies
based on seasonal comparisons suggest schooling can equalize social gaps in learning …

Competence measurement in (longitudinal) large-scale assessments, such as in the
National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), imposes specific demands on the scaling of the …

This study examined the prevalence, magnitude, and predictors of the aspiration–attainment
gap (AAG) after the school-to-work transition. We operationalized the AAG as the …

In this article, the Rasch model is used for assessing a mean difference between two groups
for a test of dichotomous items. It is assumed that random differential item functioning (DIF) …