The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

The 826 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the human proteome regulate key
physiological processes and thus have long been attractive drug targets. With the crystal …

Ca2+ ions play a key role in a wide variety of environmental responses and developmental
processes in plants, and several protein families with Ca2+-binding domains have evolved …

The integral role of calmodulin in the amyloid pathway and neurofibrillary tangle formation in
Alzheimer's disease was first established leading to the “Calmodulin Hypothesis”. Continued …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that manifests with rest tremor,
muscle rigidity and movement disturbances. At the microscopic level it is characterized by …

Adenosine A 2A receptor (A 2A R)–dependent signaling in macrophages plays a key role in
the regulation of inflammation. However, the processes regulating A 2A R targeting to the …

We have recently reported a set of urinary proteins that inhibited calcium oxalate (CaOx)
stone development. However, physicochemical properties that determine their inhibitory …

The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), a G protein-coupled receptor, is involved in numerous
and varied physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation, immune …

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are important players in the management of
responses to stressful conditions, such as drought, high salinity, and changes in …

In an effort to provide an overview of the biophysical approaches used to study G-protein-
coupled receptors, we chose to consider the adenosine A2A receptor as a model, as it is …