Background The cause of multiple sclerosis is believed to involve environmental exposure
and genetic susceptibility. We aimed to summarise the environmental risk factors that have …

Humans obtain most of their vitamin D through the exposure of skin to sunlight. The
immunoregulatory properties of vitamin D have been demonstrated in studies showing that …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with both genetic and environmental factors that
influence disease susceptibility. Exposure to cigarette smoke is emerging as a viable …

Objective Women with active sunlight exposure habits experience a lower mortality rate than
women who avoid sun exposure; however, they are at an increased risk of skin cancer. We …

Objectives To explore the association between dietary factors including fat, fruit and
vegetable intake, dairy and meat consumption, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) …

Background Fatigue contributes a significant burden of disease for people with multiple
sclerosis (PwMS). Modifiable lifestyle factors have been recognized as having a role in a …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system with an
unidentified etiology. We systematically reviewed the literature on the possible risk factors …

Objective Environmental conditions (eg, latitude) play a critical role in the susceptibility and
severity of many autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, severe neurological disease that affects millions of
people worldwide. Nevertheless, the actual cause of MS remains unknown. Smoking has …

Introduction Environmental factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis and
progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), either acting alone or by interacting with other …