Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism contribute to the severity of heart failure. However,
the energy metabolic changes that occur in heart failure are complex and are dependent not …

Metformin is the oldest and most commonly used first-line antidiabetic drug because of its
good clinical efficacy, high safety, low cost and easy access. At the same time, in recent …

In the mid-1980s, the identification of serine and threonine residues on nuclear and
cytoplasmic proteins modified by a N-acetylglucosamine moiety (O-GlcNAc) via an O …

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved catabolic recycling pathway in which
cytoplasmic components are sequestered, degraded, and recycled to survive various stress …

The development of the foetal heart is driven by increased glucose uptake and activation of
mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), which …

Insulin receptors are highly expressed in the heart and vasculature. Insulin signaling
regulates cardiac growth, survival, substrate uptake, utilization, and mitochondrial …

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing heart failure, and the co-existence of both
diseases worsens cardiovascular outcomes, hospitalization, and the progression of heart …

Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is clinically used as a glucose-
lowering and weight loss medication due to its effects on energy metabolism. In heart failure …

The heart is dependent on ATP production in mitochondria, which is closely associated with
cardiovascular disease because of the oxidative stress produced by mitochondria …

Background Perturbations in myocardial substrate utilization have been proposed to
contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction in diabetic subjects. The failing heart in …