Abstract Machines are systems that harness input power to extend or advance function.
Fundamentally, machines are based on the integration of materials with mechanisms to …

Miniature soft robots are mobile devices, which are made of smart materials that can be
actuated by external stimuli to realize their desired functionalities. Here, the key …

This article introduces and explores the current frontier four-legged (quadruped) and six-
legged (hexapod) crawling micro-robots. The performances of various crawling micro-robots …

Research toward small, autonomous, and mobile robots is inspired by both the insects we
see around us and numerous applications, from inspection of jet engines and civil …

Online learning for the legged robot locomotion under performance and energy constraints
remains to be a challenge. Methods such as stochastic gradient, deep reinforcement …

As a vital component of quadruped robots, the actuator provides the robot with the primary
source of power and torque needed to locomote and determine the application performance …

In this paper, we will compare the walking behavior of quadruped and hexapod walking
MEMS robots. These robots are fabricated by connecting same modules, which are …

Inspired by the fast, agile movements of insects, we present a 1.9 g, 4.5 cm in length,
piezoelectrically driven, quadrupedal microrobot. This microrobot uses a novel spatial …

Dynamic and agile locomotion in legged robots enables them to overcome obstacles and
navigate complex and unstructured terrain. However, the leg mechanisms and actuators …

Ideal microrobots are on the millimeter-scale with integrated actuators, power sources,
sensors, and controllers. Numerous researchers are inspired by insects for the mechanical …