Aberrant scar formation, which includes keloid and hypertrophic scars, is associated with a
pathological disorganized wound healing process with chronic inflammation. The TGF …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members signal via heterotetrameric complexes
of type I and type II dual specificity kinase receptors. The activation and stability of the …

We provide a comprehensive classification of the proteoglycan gene families and respective
protein cores. This updated nomenclature is based on three criteria: Cellular and subcellular …

Spermatogenesis is an extraordinary complex process. The differentiation of spermatogonia
into spermatozoa requires the participation of several cell types, hormones, paracrine …

The basic elements of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) pathway were revealed more
than a decade ago. Since then, the concept of how the TGFβ signal travels from the …

Reproduction is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Gonadotropin-
releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons play a central role in this axis through production of …

We review the evolution and structure of members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-
β) family, antagonistic or agonistic modulators, and receptors that regulate TGF-β signaling …

The precise orchestration of hormonal regulation at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-
gonadal axis is essential for normal reproductive function and fertility. The pulsatile secretion …

TGF-β signaling controls a plethora of cellular responses and figures prominently in animal
development. Recent cellular, biochemical, and structural studies have revealed significant …

Howard Hughes Medical Institute Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center process are now
understood. Adjacent to the kinase domain of the type I receptors is a conserved 30 amino …