Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded, non-clonal innate immune receptors,
which are often the first receptors to recognize the molecular patterns on pathogens …

The recognition of invading pathogens by the innate immune system is essential for host
protection against human parasites and the initiation of an effective adaptive immune …

Despite marked improvement in the quality of lives across the globe, more than 2 million
individuals in socioeconomically disadvantaged environments remain infected by helminth …

Abstract Surfactant protein A (SP-A), a natural immune molecule, plays an important role in
lung health. SP-A recognizes and binds microbial surface glycogroups through the C-type …

Endothelial cells represent one of the first cell types encountered by Leishmania
promastigotes when inoculated into the skin of the human hosts by the bite of phlebotomine …

Visceral leishmaniasis is a deadly illness caused by Leishmania donovani that provokes
liver and spleen inflammation and tissue destruction. In cutaneous leishmaniasis, the protein …

To overcome the drug toxicity and frequent resistance of parasites against the conventional
drugs for the healing of human visceral leishmaniasis, innovative plant derived …

Immunotherapeutic strategies against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are pertinent because of
the emergence of resistance against existing chemotherapy, coupled with their toxicity and …

Mechanisms of immune activation in effector cells during Haemonchus contortus infection in
sheep are currently unknown. Microarray experiments have been performed on tissues of H …

Leishmaniasis is a spectrum of disease caused by the infection of protozoan parasite
Leishmania mainly affecting the antigen presenting cell of the host. The disease is although …