Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent regulatory cytokine with diverse effects on
hemopoietic cells. The pivotal function of TGF-β in the immune system is to maintain …

The T helper lymphocyte is responsible for orchestrating the appropriate immune response
to a wide variety of pathogens. The recognition of the polarized T helper cell subsets Th1 …

The induction of optimal systemic antitumor immunity involves the priming of both CD4+ and
CD8+ T cells specific for tumor-associated antigens. The role of CD4+ T helper cells (Th) in …

Th1-and Th2-type cytokines (termed Th0) have been likely that the dose and route of
immunization of antigen described in human and mouse systems (Sher and Coffmay also be …

Type 2 nitric oxide synthase (iNOS or NOS2) was originally described as an enzyme that is
expressed in activated macrophages, generates nitric oxide (NO) from the amino acid L …

Recent epidemiologic studies indicate that leishmaniasis in the Americas is far more
abundant and of greater public health importance than was previously recognized. The …

Scientists had long wondered whether there existed" subsets" of CD4+ T cells that could
mediate specific responses. This concept was validated by the seminal discovery by …

Experimental infection with the intracellular protozoan Leishmania major constitutes a
particularly versatile model for assessing the role of CD4+ subset development in the host …

Infection of mice with the protozoan Leishmania major provides an excellent model to define
the factors involved in T helper (Th) subset development, since Th1 cells confer protection in …

To address the mechanisms controlling T helper (Th) phenotype development, we used
DO10, a transgenic mouse line that expresses the alpha beta T-cell receptor from an …