Chronic, excessive neuroinflammation is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases such
as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, neuroinflammatory …

Abstract Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a crucial role in metabolic
disorders by enhancing insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon release, and slowing gastric …

Objectives Sepsis is a clinical disease that is typically treated in the intensive care unit, and
the complex pathophysiology under this disease has not been thoroughly understood. While …

Neuropathic pain (NP), resulting from nerve injury, alters neural plasticity in spinal cord and
brain via the release of inflammatory mediators. The remodeling of store‐operated calcium …

Neurological and psychiatric patients have increased dramatically in number in the past few
decades. However, effective treatments for these diseases and disorders are limited due to …

Abstract Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has been indicated to involve in chronic
pain, however, the mechanism by which GLP-1R alleviates the central sensitization of …

Exendin-4 (Ex-4), better known in its synthetic form and used clinically as exenatide,
currently applied in the treatment of diabetes, induces a beneficial impact on nerve cells …

Background Ionomics is used to study levels of ionome in different states of organisms and
their correlations. Bone cancer pain (BCP) severely reduces quality of life of patients or their …

Peripheral neuropathic pain is common in patients with peripheral nerve injury and can
significantly impact both their function and quality of life. There is a wide variety of non …

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been developed to manage
type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although, in the last 10 years, the use of GLP-1 RAs, especially …