Zinc finger proteins (ZNF) are among the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic genomes. It
contains several zinc finger domains that can selectively bind to certain DNA or RNA and …

The transcription factor GLI3 is a member of the Hedgehog (Hh/HH) signaling pathway that
can exist as a full length (Gli3-FL/GLI3-FL) or repressor (Gli3-R/GLI3-R) form. In response to …

We describe the essential features of and the molecules involved in dorsoventral (DV)
patterning in the neural tube. The neural tube is, from its very outset, patterned in this axis as …

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is an essential central nervous system (CNS) pathway
involved during embryonic development and later life stages. Further, it regulates cell …

The importance of programmed cell death (PCD) during vertebrate development has been
well established. During the development of the nervous system in particular, neurotrophic …

From its long history in the field of embryology to its recent advances in genetics, Xenopus
has been an indispensable model for understanding the human brain. Foundational studies …

Inhibition of microglial over-activation is an important strategy to counter balance
neurodegenerative progression. We previously demonstrated that the adenosine …

The Xenopus adult limb has very limited regeneration ability, and only a simple cartilaginous
spike structure without digits is formed after limb amputation. We found that expression of …

Anteroposterior (AP) patterning of the developing CNS is crucial for both regional
specification and the timing of neurogenesis. Several important factors are involved in AP …

Recent clinical studies have revealed that the serum levels of toxic hydrophobic bile acids
(deoxy cholic acid, lithocholic acid [LCA], and glycoursodeoxycholic acid) are significantly …