Ecological networks have a long history in ecology, and a recent increase in network
analyses across environmental gradients has revealed important changes in their structure …

Although networks provide a powerful approach to study a large variety of ecological
systems, their formulation does not typically account for multiple interaction types …

Insect pollination constitutes an ecosystem service of global importance, providing
significant economic and aesthetic benefits as well as cultural value to human society …

Invasive alien species modify pollinator biodiversity and the services they provide that
underpin ecosystem function and human well-being. Building on the Intergovernmental …

Species are linked to each other by a myriad of positive and negative interactions. This
complex spectrum of interactions constitutes a network of links that mediates ecological …

Ecosystem responses to changes in species diversity are often studied individually.
However, changes in species diversity can simultaneously influence multiple …

Until recently, most ecological network analyses investigating the effects of species' declines
and extinctions have focused on a single type of interaction (eg feeding). In nature, however …

Ecosystems are composed of complex networks of many species interacting in different
ways. While ecologists have long studied food webs of feeding interactions, recent studies …

Ecological restoration projects have traditionally focused on vegetation as both a means
(seeding, planting, and substrate amendments) and ends (success based upon primary …

Ecological communities are defined by species interacting dynamically in a given location at
a given time, and can be conveniently represented as networks of interactions. Pairwise …