MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by
degrading or repressing the translation of their target messenger RNAs. As miRNAs are …

Exosomes are discoid vesicles with a diameter of 40–160 nm. They are mainly derived from
the multivesicular body formed by the invagination of lysosomal particles in the cell, which …

Diabetes belongs to a group of metabolic disorders characterized by long term high blood
glucose levels due to either inadequate production of insulin (Type 1 diabetes, T1DM) or …

Exosome is a nanoscale vesicle with a size range of 30–100 nm. It is secreted from cell to
extracellular space by exocytosis after fusion of multivesicular body (MVB)(formed by …

Background Despite major advances in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in recent
years, it remains the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. An early diagnosis …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is
the most frequent cause of end-stage renal disease with no definitive therapy available so …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is closely associated with the high risk of cardiovascular
disease and mortality. Exosomal circRNAs can exert significant roles in the pathology of …

There are still major challenges regarding the early diagnosis and treatment of chronic
kidney disease (CKD), which is in part due to the fact that its pathophysiology is very …

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) features variable renal pathology and a heterogeneous clinical
course. Our aim was to search noninvasive biomarkers from urinary exosomes for IgAN …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, is the most
significant microvascular complication of diabetes and poses a severe public health concern …