Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin regulating synaptic plasticity,
neuronal excitability, and nociception. It seems to be one of the key molecules in interactions …

Nociplastic pain is a recently distinguished type of pain, distinct from neuropathic and
nociceptive pain, and is well described in the literature. It is often mistaken for central …

Chronic pain is sustained, in part, through the intricate process of central sensitization (CS),
marked by maladaptive neuroplasticity and neuronal hyperexcitability within central pain …

Fibromyalgia is a complex and heterogeneous clinical syndrome, mainly characterized by
the presence of widespread pain, possibly associated with a variety of other symptoms …

Background Fibromyalgia (FM) is a form of chronic pain disorder accompanied by several
tender points, fatigue, sleeping and mood disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, and memory …

This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial compared the effectiveness of home-
based-(HB) active transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) over the left dorsolateral …

Widespread musculoskeletal pain characterizes fibromyalgia (FM), accompanied by sleep,
fatigue, and mood problems. Chronic stress and depression play a crucial role in the …

This cross-sectional study compared plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
levels among chronic primary musculoskeletal pain patients, chronic widespread pain …

Background and purpose: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that occurs in
some people after experiencing shocking events. In this disorder, the function of some …

Nociplastic pain is the fourth category of pain defined in recent years. It is a pain arising from
altered nociception, despite the lack of clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage …