Extreme heat, drought and moisture excess are increasingly co-occurring within a single
growing season, impacting crop yields in global breadbasket regions. In this Review, we …

Climate change challenges efforts to maintain and improve crop production in many regions.
In this Review, we examine yield responses to warmer temperatures, elevated carbon …

The costs of climate change are often estimated in monetary terms, but this raises ethical
issues. Here we express them in terms of numbers of people left outside the 'human climate …

Annual food caloric production is the product of caloric yield, cropping frequency (CF,
number of production seasons per year) and cropland area. Existing studies have largely …

Environmental variability and shock events can be propagated or attenuated along food
supply chains by various economic, political and infrastructural factors. Understanding these …

Growth and development of cereal crops are linked to weather, day length and growing
degree-days (GDDs) which make them responsive to the specific environments in specific …

Irrigated agriculture accounts for∼ 90% of anthropogenic freshwater consumption, is
deployed on 22% of cultivated land, and provides 40% of global food production. Expanding …

Extreme weather events threaten food security, yet global assessments of impacts caused
by crop waterlogging are rare. Here we first develop a paradigm that distils common stress …

A multitude of physical and biological processes on which ecosystems and human societies
depend are governed by the climate, and understanding how these processes are altered …

Climate change is expected to affect crop production worldwide, particularly in rain-fed
agricultural regions. It is still unknown how irrigation water needs will change in a warmer …