The brain is generally resistant to regeneration after damage. The cerebral endogenous
mechanisms triggering brain self-recovery have remained unclarified to date. We here …

The striatum is a central regulator of behavior and motor function through the actions of D1
and D2 medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), which arise from a common lateral ganglionic …

The degenerative process in Parkinson's disease (PD) causes a progressive loss of
dopaminergic neurons (DaNs) in the nigrostriatal system. Resolving the differences in …

Human's robust cognitive abilities, including creativity and language, are made possible, at
least in large part, by evolutionary changes made to the cerebral cortex. This paper reviews …

We aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms through which prolactin protects against 1,
2-Diacetylbenzene (DAB)-induced memory and motor impairments. The gene expression …

At the top of the midbrain is the inferior colliculus (IC), which functions as the major hub for
processing auditory information. Despite the functional significance of neurons in the IC, our …

The homeodomain transcription factors sine oculis homeobox 3 (Six3) and ventral anterior
homeobox 1 (Vax1) are required for brain development. Their expression in specific brain …

Long-range glutamatergic inputs originating from the cortex and thalamus are indispensable
for striatal development, providing the foundation for motor and cognitive functions. Despite …

Tourette's disorder (TD) is a highly heritable childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder
and is caused by a complex interplay of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Yet, the …

MEIS1 and MEIS2 encode highly conserved homeodomain transcription factors crucial for
developmental processes in a wide range of tissues, including the brain. They can execute …