Bone remodeling replaces old and damaged bone with new bone through a sequence of
cellular events occurring on the same surface without any change in bone shape. It was …

Osteoarthritis comprises several joint disorders characterized by articular cartilage
degeneration and persistent pain, causing disability and economic burden. The incidence of …

Bone regeneration repairs bone tissue lost due to trauma, fractures, and tumors, or absent
due to congenital disorders. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate dynamic bio …

Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) and bone morphometric proteins (BMPs) belong to
the TGF-β superfamily and perform essential functions during osteoblast and chondrocyte …

Bone defects cause significant socio-economic costs worldwide, while the clinical “gold
standard” of bone repair, the autologous bone graft, has limitations including limited graft …

Osteocytes play a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis and in regulating skeletal
response to hormones and mechanical loading. Substantial evidence have demonstrated …

Until recently, it was assumed that the only interaction between muscle and bone is
mechanical, that the muscle acts as a pulley and the bone as a lever to move the organism …

Skeletal fragility in the elderly does not simply result from a loss of bone mass. However, the
mechanisms underlying the concurrent decline in bone mass, quality, and …

There is emerging awareness that subchondral bone remodeling plays an important role in
the development of osteoarthritis (OA). This review presents recent investigations on the …

The prevalence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia is significantly higher in patients with liver
disease than in those without liver disease and osteoporosis and sarcopenia negatively …