The intervertebral disc (IVD) is the most avascular and acellular tissue in the body and
therefore prone to degeneration. During IVD degeneration, the balance between anabolic …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the leading causes of lower back pain and a
major health problem worldwide. Current surgical treatments include excision or …

Low back pain resulting from intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a significant
socioeconomic burden. The main effect of the degeneration process involves the alteration …

Modulating a favorable inflammatory microenvironment that facilitates the recovery of
degenerated discs is a key strategy in the treatment of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration …

Preclinical studies involving large animal models aim to recapitulate the clinical situation as
much as possible and bridge the gap from benchtop to bedside. To date, studies …

Disc herniation as a result of degenerative or traumatic injury is believed to be the primary
instigator of low back pain. At present there is a lack of viable treatment options to repair …

In vitro mechanical testing of spinal specimens is extremely important to better understand
the biomechanics of the healthy and diseased spine, fracture, and to test/optimize surgical …

The development of functionally equivalent fibrocartilage remains elusive despite efforts to
engineer tissues such as knee meniscus, intervertebral disc and temporomandibular joint …

Objectives Intervertebral disc (IVD) is key to spine biomechanics, and it is often involved in
the cascade leading to spinal deformities such as idiopathic scoliosis, especially during the …

Bioscaffolds derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) have shown the capacity to promote
regeneration by providing tissue-specific biological instructive cues that can enhance cell …