Almost half of all enzymes must associate with a particular metal to function. An ambition is
to understand why each metal–protein partnership arose and how it is maintained. Metal …

In the past few years, exciting advances have been made toward understanding how copper
is transported into and distributed to cupro-proteins within cells. Recent work has identified …

The trace metal copper is an essential cofactor for a number of biological processes
including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, free radical detoxification …

Throughout evolution, all organisms have harnessed the redox properties of copper (Cu)
and iron (Fe) as a cofactor or structural determinant of proteins that perform critical functions …

The trace metal copper (Cu) plays an essential role in biology as a cofactor for many
enzymes that include Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase, cytochrome oxidase, ceruloplasmin …

Microorganisms play a dominant role in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients. They are
rightly praised for their facility for fixing both carbon and nitrogen into organic matter, and …

The redox active metal copper is an essential cofactor in critical biological processes such
as respiration, iron transport, oxidative stress protection, hormone production, and …

Despite copper ions being crucial in proteins participating in plant processes such as
electron transport, free-radical elimination and hormone perception and signaling, very little …

Iron is an essential element for all eukaryotes. The facile ability of iron to gain and lose
electrons permits its participation in a wide variety of oxidation-reduction reactions. Further …

Iron, copper, and zinc are all essential nutrients. The electron transfer properties of iron and
copper are fundamental to processes such as respiration and photosynthesis. Zinc forms the …