Zoochory is an ecologically and evolutionarily important seed dispersal type. The decline
and extinction of seed-dispersing large herbivores severely threatens dispersal-driven …

Birds and mammals are the only vertebrates which receive comprehensive attention in
studies of dispersal of fleshy-fruited plant species. However, recently the importance of …

This chapter summarizes research on seed dispersal vectors (water, wind and animals), and
the factors (including seed size and chemical composition, and plant habit) that determine …

There is growing awareness globally of the role lizards play as seed dispersers. In New
Zealand, it has been suggested that lizards are effective dispersers, and white–blue fruits …

Aim Mutualistic network parameters, such as modularity and nestedness, show non‐random
linkage patterns. Both increase network stability in different ways. Modularity hampers …

The seed dispersal mechanisms and regeneration of various forest ecosystems can benefit
from the actions of carnivores via endozoochory. This study was aimed to evaluate the role …

Efficient and unbiased sampling of ecological interactions is essential to our understanding
of the functions they mediate. Seed dispersal by frugivorous birds is a key mutualism for …

The ability of trees to endure for millennia, surpassing human lifetimes, and survive the most
destructive human and natural hazards is astonishing. But what is the ecological role of tree …

As the sole opportunity for most plants to move, seed dispersal influences the biodiversity
and functioning of plant communities. Global change drivers have the potential to disrupt …

Seed dispersal in Juniperus is generally attributed to frugivores that consume the berry-like
female cones. Some juniper cones are fleshy and resinous such as those of western juniper …