Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic disease, with white adipose tissue (WAT)
inflammation emerging as a key underlying pathology. Alongside its major role in energy …

The environment in which the fetus develops is critical for its survival and long-term health.
The regulation of normal human fetal growth involves many multidirectional interactions …

OVER the past few years, considerable evidence has accumulated to challenge the
accepted view of the regulation of adrenocortical function. Conventionally, the cortex and …

In recent years, much interest has been devoted to defining the role of the IGF system in the
nervous system. The ubiquitous IGFs, their cell membrane receptors, and their carrier …

Besides their growth-promoting properties, GH and IGF-1 regulate a broad spectrum of
biological functions in several organs, including the kidney. This review focuses on the renal …

Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been shown to serve as carrier
proteins for the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and to modulate their biologic effects. Since …

The mouse thymus was assessed for its ability to produce steroids. Cultured thymic non-T
cells produced soluble pregnenolone and deoxycorticosterone, and immunohistochemistry …

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a growth factor with multiple biological
properties including stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation. To determine whether …

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have dramatic and complex effects on the growth of
many tissues and have been implicated in both the proliferation and differentiation of …

Insulin has long been recognized as a major endocrine regulator of the uptake, cellular
transport, and intermediary metabolism of small nutrient molecules such as amino acids …