With the advent of population aging, aging-related diseases have become a challenge for
governments worldwide. Sarcopenia has defined as a clinical syndrome associated with …

Research about heart failure (HF) has made major progress in the last years. We give here
an update on the most recent findings. Landmark trials have established new treatments for …

Skeletal muscle, which accounts for approximately 40% of total body weight, is one of the
most dynamic and plastic tissues in the human body and plays a vital role in movement …

Cardiorenal syndrome consists in the coexistence of acute or chronic dysfunction of heart
and kidneys resulting in a cascade of feedback mechanisms and causing damage to both …

Aims Although evidence suggests that cognitive decline and physical frailty in elderly
patients with heart failure (HF) are associated with prognosis, the impact of concurrent …

Skeletal muscle in patients with heart failure (HF) exhibits altered structure, function and
metabolism. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of HF. Oxidative stress …

One of the main clinical features that characterize heart failure (HF) is the limited exercise
tolerance. Patients with HF often experience dyspnea and fatigue at relatively low …

Sarcopenia involves a progressive age-related decline of skeletal muscle mass and
strength/function [1]. This muscle loss is associated with increased risk of adverse health …

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is an increasingly frequent form
and is estimated to be the dominant form of HF. On the other hand, HFpEF is a syndrome …

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is an increasingly recognized diagnostic entity associated with
high morbidity and mortality among acutely ill heart failure (HF) patients with acute and/or …