The human shoulder is a complicated musculoskeletal structure and is a perfect
compromise between mobility and stability. The objective of this paper is to provide a …

Research activity involving numerical models of the shoulder is dramatically increasing,
driven by growing rates of injury and the need to better understand shoulder joint …

Introduction The widespread adoption of laparoscopic surgery has put new physical
demands on the surgeon leading to increased musculoskeletal disorders and injuries …

Background Scapulothoracic upward rotation (UR) is an important shoulder complex motion
allowing for a larger functional work space and improved glenohumeral muscle function …

Objective The aim was to analyze the relationship between scapular form and function in
hominoids by using geometric morphometrics (GM) and finite element analysis (FEA) …

Modeling shoulder motions is essential in understanding upper-limb dynamic behavior.
However, the mobility of the shoulder complex—in terms of degrees of freedom (DOFs)—is …

Rotator cuff tears cause morphologic changes to cuff tendons and muscles, which can alter
muscle architecture and moment arm. The effects of these alterations on shoulder …

Background How trabecular bone density varies within the scapula and how this may lead to
more optimal reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) screw placement has not been addressed …

A preclinical analysis of novel implants used in shoulder surgery requires biomechanical
testing conditions close to physiology. Existing shoulder experiments may only partially …

Many cultures throughout history have used the regularities of numbers and patterns as a
means of describing their environment. The ancient Greeks believed that just five archetypal …