Although viruses are most often studied as pathogens, many are beneficial to their hosts,
providing essential functions in some cases and conditionally beneficial functions in others …

The genomes of unicellular species, particularly prokaryotes, are greatly reduced in size and
simplified in terms of gene structure relative to those of multicellular eukaryotes. Arguments …

The Polydnaviridae (PDV), including the Bracovirus (BV) and Ichnovirus genera, originated
from the integration of unrelated viruses in the genomes of two parasitoid wasp lineages, in …

During the last several decades corals have been in decline and at least one-third of all
coral species are now threatened with extinction. Coral disease has been a major …

Symbiosis is receiving increased attention among all aspects of biology because of the
unifying themes it helps construct across ecological, evolutionary, developmental …

To understand how extant viruses interact with their hosts, we need a historical framework of
their evolutionary association. Akin to retrovirus or hepadnavirus viral fossils present in …

Parasitoids depend on other insects for the development of their offspring. Their eggs are
laid in or on a host insect that is consumed during juvenile development. Parasitoids harbor …

Parasitoid wasps are among the most diverse insects on earth with many species causing
major mortality in host populations. Parasitoids introduce a variety of factors into hosts to …

Pathogens often suppress the melanization response of host insects, but the underlying
molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we report that Microplitis demolitor …

The microgastroid complex of braconid wasps is a widely recognized and biologically
coherent lineage of endoparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae (caterpillars). The complex has …