Acylcarnitines are fatty acid metabolites that play important roles in many cellular energy
metabolism pathways. They have historically been used as important diagnostic markers for …

Abstract Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a subset of Major Depressive Disorder
which does not respond to traditional and first-line therapeutic options. There are several …

Abstract Treatment outcomes for major depressive disorder (MDD) need to be improved.
Presently, no clinically relevant tools have been established for stratifying subgroups or …

Background The degree of efficacy, safety, quality, and certainty of meta-analytic evidence of
biological non-pharmacological treatments in mental disorders is unclear. Methods We …

Introduction Antipsychotic medications are mainstays in the treatment of schizophrenia and
a range of other psychotic disorders. Sources of data Recent meta-analyses of antipsychotic …

Background Many depressed patients are not able to achieve or sustain symptom remission
despite serial treatment trials–often termed “treatment resistant depression”. A broader …

Major depressive disorder is a common psychiatric disorder associated with marked
suffering, morbidity, mortality, and cost. The World Health Organization projects that by 2030 …

Background: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT)
conducted a revision of the 2009 guidelines by updating the evidence and …

Objective: To familiarize the reader with the role of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in
current psychiatric medicine. Method: We review clinical indications for ECT, patient …

The serotonin hypothesis of depression has played an important role in the history of
psychiatry, yet it has also been criticized for the delayed onset and inadequate efficacy of …