Tumor DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency testing is important to the identification of
Lynch syndrome and decision making regarding adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II …

Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the
electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. They belong to an …

Abstract Sodium/proton exchanger 1 (NHE1) is an electroneutral secondary active
transporter present on the plasma membrane of most mammalian cells and plays critical …

Epithelial barrier loss is a driver of intestinal and systemic diseases. Myosin light chain
kinase (MLCK) is a key effector of barrier dysfunction and a potential therapeutic target, but …

The solute carrier (SLC) superfamily represents the biggest family of transporters with
important roles in health and disease. Despite being attractive and druggable targets, the …

Elevated cancer metabolism releases lactic acid and CO2 into the under-perfused tumor
microenvironment, resulting in extracellular acidosis. The surviving cancer cells must adapt …

Of the 800 G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) in humans, only three (GPR4, GPR65, and
GPR68) regulate signaling in acidified microenvironments by sensing protons (H+). How …

The intracellular pH (pHi) of most cancers is constitutively higher than that of normal cells
and enhances proliferation and cell survival. We found that increased pHi enabled the …

T cell responses are inhibited by acidic environments. T cell receptor (TCR)-induced protein
phosphorylation is negatively regulated by dephosphorylation and/or ubiquitination, but the …

Dysregulation of pH in solid tumors is a hallmark of cancer. In recent years, the role of
altered pH heterogeneity in space, between benign and aggressive tissues, between …