Humans require a plethora of higher cognitive skills to perform executive functions, such as
reasoning, planning, language and social interactions, which are regulated predominantly …

Corticostriatal circuits through the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) play key roles in complex
human behaviors such as evaluation, affect regulation and reward-based decision-making …

Brain lesions that damage the insular cortex (IC) interrupt addictive behaviors, suggesting
that drug addiction sensitizes the insula. However, neuroimaging studies seem to lead to an …

A dysregulated fear response is one of the hallmark clinical presentations of patients
suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These patients show over …

Quality of mothering relies on the integrity of multiple physiological and behavioral systems
and on two maternal factors, one proximal and one distal, that have a great impact on how a …

Rationale Pathological gambling (PG) has recently been considered as a “behavioral” or
nonsubstance addiction. A comparison of the characteristics of PG and substance use …

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) involves probabilistic learning via monetary rewards and
punishments, where advantageous task performance requires subjects to forego potential …

Video game playing is a frequent recreational activity. Previous studies have reported an
involvement of dopamine-related ventral striatum. However, structural brain correlates of …

Background A large proportion of adolescents drink alcohol, with many engaging in high-
risk patterns of consumption, including binge drinking. Here, we systematically review and …

Most neuroimaging studies display results that represent only a tiny fraction of the collected
data. While it is conventional to present" only the significant results" to the reader, here we …