Hemoglobin (Hb) plays its vital role through structural and functional properties
evolutionarily optimized to work within red blood cells, ie, the tetrameric assembly, well …

The development of oxygen (O 2)-carrying blood substitutes has evolved from the goal of
replicating blood O 2 transport properties to that of preserving microvascular and organ …

While the effectiveness of PEGylation in enhancing the stability and potency of protein
pharmaceuticals has been validated for years, the underlying mechanism remains poorly …

Significance: Despite many advances in blood substitute research, the development of
materials that are effective in maintaining blood volume and oxygen delivery remains a …

In routine clinical procedures, blood transfusion is now suffering from the defects of the
blood products, like cross‐matching, short storage time and virus infection. Various blood …

Objective: Resuscitation of hemorrhagic hypotension after traumatic brain injury is
challenging. A hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier may offer advantages. The novel …

Red cells are the oxygen-carrying components of blood. In modern medical practice,
transfusions are given as suspensions of type-matched red cells in saline to replace lost …

Hemoglobin conjugated with poly (ethylene glycol)(PEG) acts as an oxygen carrier free in
plasma, substituting red blood cells in supplementing oxygen in hypo-oxygenation …

In vitro, ferrous deoxy-hemes in hemoglobin (Hb) react with nitrite to generate nitric oxide
(NO) through a nitrite reductase reaction. In vivo studies indicate Hb with nitrite can be a …

Background: MP4OX (oxygenated polyethylene glycol–modified hemoglobin) is an oxygen
therapeutic agent with potential applications in clinical settings where targeted delivery of …