Simple Summary Growth factors are hormone-like molecules able to promote division and
migration of normal cells, but cancer captured the underlying mechanisms to unleash tumor …

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are antibodies with two binding sites directed at two different
antigens or two different epitopes on the same antigen. The clinical therapeutic effects of …

Exosomes are generated within the multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) as intraluminal
vesicles (ILVs) and secreted during the fusion of MVEs with the cell membrane. The …

The physiological function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is to regulate
epithelial tissue development and homeostasis. In pathological settings, mostly in lung and …

Aberrant signalling of ERBB family members plays an important role in tumorigenesis and in
the escape from antitumour immunity in multiple malignancies. Molecular-targeted agents …

The aim of this review was to summarize current available information about the role of
phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling …

The concept that progression of cancer is regulated by interactions of cancer cells with their
microenvironment was postulated by Stephen Paget over a century ago. Contemporary …

Aberrant activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) by erythroblastic
leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ERBB) ligands contributes to various tumor …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has prominent extracellular matrix (ECM) that
compromises treatments yet cannot be nonselectively disrupted without adverse …

The ErbB receptor family, also known as the EGF receptor family or type I receptor family,
includes the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) or ErbB1/Her1, ErbB2/Her2 …