Focal malformations of cortical development including focal cortical dysplasia,
hemimegalencephaly and megalencephaly, are a spectrum of neurodevelopmental …

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a cortical malformation in brain development and is
considered as one of the major causes of drug-resistant epilepsies in children and adults …

The cerebral cortex is a structure that underlies various brain functions, including cognition
and language. Mammalian cerebral cortex starts developing during the embryonic period …

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is one of the most common causes of drug-resistant epilepsy.
Dysmorphic neurons are the major histopathological feature of type II FCD, but their role in …

Introduction. Patients with epilepsy associated with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) may be
associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to …

Background and Purpose A multifactorial antiepileptic mechanism underlies the ketogenic
diet (KD), and one of the proposed mechanisms of action is that the KD inhibits the …

Background Focal cortical dysplasia type 2 (FCD2) is a malformation of cortical development
that constitutes a common cause of pediatric focal epilepsy. Germline or somatic variants in …

The mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is involved in cortical
development. However, the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in malformations of cortical dysplasia …

Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) represent the third most frequent cause of drug-resistant
focal epilepsy in adults (after hippocampal sclerosis and tumours) submitted to surgery, and …

Balloon cells (BCs) are specific pathological marker of cortical malformations during brain
development, often associated with epilepsy and development delay. Although a large …