With the development of 5G and Internet of Things (IoT), the era of big data‐driven product
design is booming. In addition, artificial intelligence (AI) is also emerging and evolving by …

This article considers the evolution of brain architectures for predictive processing. We argue
that brain mechanisms for predictive perception and action are not late evolutionary …

Downward social mobility is a well-known mental risk factor for depression, but its neural
mechanism remains elusive. Here, by forcing mice to lose against their subordinates in a …

Empirical applications of the free-energy principle are not straightforward because they
entail a commitment to a particular process theory, especially at the cellular and synaptic …

Extended reality (XR) refers to an umbrella of methods that allows users to be immersed in a
3D or a 4D (spatial+ temporal) virtual environment to various extents, including virtual reality …

Chemiresistors have been widely employed in monitoring toxic fumes, gases, and
environmental pollutants. Among a plethora of metal oxide semiconductors (MOX) used for …

In vitro biological neural networks (BNNs) interconnected with robots, so-called BNN-based
neurorobotic systems, can interact with the external world, so that they can present some …

The ability to predict the future based on past experience lies at the core of the brain's ability
to adapt behavior. However, the neural mechanisms that participate in generating and …

Animals need to rapidly learn to recognize and avoid predators. This ability may be
especially important for young animals due to their increased vulnerability. It is unknown …

The neuronal substrates that implement the free-energy principle and ensuing active
inference at the neuron and synapse level have not been fully elucidated. This Review …